COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN 2025
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Computer programming is the process of developing instructions, or code, that computers can execute to accomplish tasks or solve problems. Programming involves not just writing the code, but testing it, troubleshooting it, fixing it (typically called debugging), and updating it .
5 Types of Programming Languages
Programming can be categorized into different types based on the approach and style used to solve problem .
Learn more about some common categories of programming languages to get inspired to start coding .
Programming is a skill that is becoming increasingly sought after in the job market. The Government in India has been transforming the digital landscape through the Digital India Programme, with a focus on expanding digital access and training across the country [1]. With the high rate at which digital technology is expanding, computer programming skills are likely to continue to be in high demand across many professional industries.
Anyone who interacts with technology should have at least a basic understanding of how software functions. With a background in programming, you can get a job coding, designing software, data architecture, or creating intuitive user interfaces.
But what language should you learn? You’ll find a seemingly infinite number of free programming languages to learn and develop projects online. With the technology field growing exponentially each year, the internet is a great place to start when exploring the latest developments or discovering a new skill.
Whichever language you learn, you may find it helpful to take notes or draw diagrams detailing the steps you’re taking and why. Programmers need to be able to communicate their process to non-technical stakeholders, but taking notes can also be a great learning tool.
In this article, we’ll explore some of the most common programming languages and provide some resources for starting to learn them.
5 major types of programming languages
While you’ll find dozens of ways to classify various programming languages, they generally fall into five major categories. Keep in mind that some languages may fall under more than one type:
1. Procedural programming languages .
A procedural language follows a sequence of statements or commands to achieve a desired output. Each series of steps is called a procedure, and a program written in one of these languages will have one or more procedures within it. Common examples of procedural languages include:
C and C++
Java
Pascal
BASIC
2. Functional programming languages .
Rather than focusing on the execution of statements, functional languages focus on the output of mathematical functions and evaluations. Each function–a reusable module of code–performs a specific task and returns a result. The result will vary depending on what data you input into the function. Some popular functional programming languages include:
Scala
Erlang
Haskell
Elixir
F#
3.Object-oriented programming languages
This type of language treats a program as a group of objects composed of data and program elements, known as attributes and methods. Objects can be reused within a program or in other programs. This makes it a popular language type for complex programs, as code is easier to reuse and scale. Some common object-oriented programming (OOP) languages include:
Java
Python
PHP
C++
Ruby
4. Scripting languages
Programmers use scripting languages to automate repetitive tasks, manage dynamic web content, or support processes in larger applications. Some common scripting languages include:
PHP
Ruby
Python
bash
Perl
Node.js
5. Logic programming languages
Instead of telling a computer what to do, a logic programming language expresses a series of facts and rules to instruct the computer on making decisions. Some examples of logic languages include
Prolog
Absys
Datalog
Alma-0
